Flatback syndrome causes difficulty maintaining an upright posture, treated with exercises, bracing, or surgery. Scheuermann's disease causes a rounded upper back in adolescents, treated with bracing and surgery when severe. Neuromuscular scoliosis, caused by conditions like cerebral palsy, is managed with bracing and surgery. Early treatment improves posture and function.

Spinal stenosis narrows the spinal canal, causing nerve compression. Treatments include therapy, pain management, and surgery. Spinal compression fractures, caused by trauma or osteoporosis, can be stabilized with surgery. Post-traumatic spine deformities are corrected with realignment surgery. Early diagnosis and rehabilitation restore mobility and spinal integrity.

Degenerative scoliosis, due to aging, causes curvature and instability, managed with therapy and surgery. Ankylosing spondylitis causes spine stiffness and deformities, treated with medication and surgery if severe. Isthmic spondylolisthesis is a vertebra slip that requires therapy, fusion surgery, and bracing. Early intervention improves quality of life and spinal function.

Congenital spine deformities, like hemivertebrae, are treated with early surgical correction. Cervical deformities in the neck region cause pain and limited movement, treated with physical therapy or surgery. Spinal tumors causing deformities are treated with surgery, radiation, or chemotherapy. Early treatment prevents further damage and improves mobility.